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Automotive embedded software | Development engineering for software (personal views)

  • What is Yocto

    It is an package system

    Provide configuration management of different open source and closed source packages

    Helps to build complete product software

    Lastly it is a swiss army knife for software development

    Has a steep learning curve

    What Yocto is not

    It is not a distribution of linux

    If you are developing a embedded linux product and would like to the entire product code to be built from scratch then Yocto is the answer. It comes with a concept of recipes which are abstraction on top older build systems like make or cmake. Using yocto different product variants can be configured and built. Yocto also generates BOM (Bill of Materials) including spdx if provided at each package level. Yocto fetches diferent packages from many open source , builds them from sources, installs them into the root-fs. Yocto can also build the linux kernel.

    So in summary it is a powerful tool for product development with a steep learning curve, once mastered you will love its power.

    May the force be with you !

    #NoAI has been used to write this note.

    Gentle introduction to Yocto

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    Apr 14
  • Well if you are developing an micro controller based product, there are couple of ways to proceed, one is to develop the entire application in one single infinite loop and manage the timing yourself by fine tuning.

    Another approach is to use an RTOS (Real Time Operating System) and let it handle the timing constraints for the application, so as a developer you can focus on the application logic.

    One of the popular choices is FreeRTOS which is more or less available for all combination of compiler and MCU variants even including RISC V. Now with this approach, there are a few choices to be made.

    Use FreeRTOS without paying any royalty and go into production, it comes with MIT license which is permissive.

    If your company has a blanket agreement to not use any kind of open source, then you can for the OpenRTOS which is fully compatible with FreeRTOS, it is the exact same kernel under a commercial license.

    If the product in question is Safety product , then the choice is to use SafeRTOS so the safety certification of the kernel is taken care by https://www.highintegritysystems.com/.

    Happy development !

    FreeRTOS vs. SafeRTOS vs. OpenRTOS

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    Apr 5
  • As we have entered an era where everyone are chatting with LLMs to share their emotions, troubles and joys leading to unprecedented levels of breach of personal data privacy. This is similar to the initial days of social media where everyone thought what is the big deal about sharing some pics, travels and events. Now those of us who have shared data to social media are to a large extent addicted to it and can’t get away from it. We are at the cusp of a similar situation with LLMs where we may share our inner most feelings, fears. A day may come when we can’t live without these LLMs and our human to human interactions keep coming down. This reliance on LLMs leads to more isolation and even more usage of LLMs in an endless loop.

    To be able to improve human to human communications it maybe a good idea to go back to basics and understand human psychology. An excellent course on this topic by Yale from Prof Paul Bloom is available on Coursera for a the price of couple of Starbucks coffee https://www.coursera.org/learn/introduction-psychology

    The course very well explains in an easy to understand fashion evolution of the science behind the human mind, the quirks and a few fascinating aspects of the human minds. The course ends with a module on latest development in this field of science.

    Happy learning ! do let me know what you think about this in comments.

    LLM and Human interactions

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    Mar 26
  • Now there is such an hype about Agentic , LLM, SLM, motlbook, AGI etc. it is easy to think and start to believe that there is no need of software developers at all and somehow we will 100x or even 1000x productivity from developers and test engineers.

    I have been working in automotive embedded can say for sure that this skill is not going to AI’fied meaning AI taking over. The reasons are as follows:

    1, Automotive embedded products need to be safety certified to varying degrees depending on the criticality or the SIL levels.

    2, Automotive products which go on the road can harm others and can cause malfunction so there are regulations before a new vehicle can be launched into any market

    3, The LLMs are mostly trained on web and application code as embedded code is not available on internet, they are all in repos of Tier-1 and OEMs and never in public domain.

    4, OEMs can’t risk their brand reputation to an LLM generated code so they will likely put checks and balances. I know a few OEMs who are giving licenses to LLM agents, but them they have so many component tests in the path , it is lot easier to write human code and get it main-lined than using LLM code and keep getting into debug-loops of failed main line test cases.

    The best use of LLMs is as a search engine to validate what you already know, if the user of LLM can’t know if the LLM output is correct or not, then better to learn the hardway and only use LLM as an aid rather than as a main source of knowledge.

    What do you think, comment below.

    LLM in Embedded S/w development

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    Mar 16
  • We all have read a lot about the Air Quality Index and its effect on respiratory health in specific. Have we even wondered how much RF radiation we are exposed to and what impact it has one our cells. Those from cellular biology know that strong RF radiation ionises the contents of the cell contents.

    Add to this the GHz we are subjected to due to 5G and upcoming 6G. Each country has set limitations on the RF exposure within their boundaries and every device needs to comply with EMC regulations before it can be given CE or FCC certifications. That said there is not much we can do protect ourselves, expect for one thing.

    The one thing is wearables, they emit massive amount of radiations and us wearing them 24×7 exposes us to these high levels of radiations directly into our body. So my suggestion if I may is to minimise the usage of wearables for the purpose it was bought for. For e.g. there is no need to carry phone (also another Radio transmitter) and a watch together.

    Happy responsible usage of RF devices in and around you and your family.

    AQI for RF

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    Mar 2
  • Those of you in the Autonomous Driving for sure have heard this announcement. Mercedes has also tied up with Nvidia to bring this model to the roads which offers Level 4 autonomy. This launch could possibly happen in CA state along side other incumbent A/V platforms like Tesla, Waymo and Uber.

    What is the key difference here:

    1, For now, this model is based on LLM, yes you heard it right Large Language Model, just like Tesla started to solved the self driving problem using Neural Networks, Nvidia has embraced LLM. The chosen LLM is llamma which is from Facebook, which is open weights and open to train unlike Claude or ChatGPT. The premise is that the LLM knows the world and using this it can guide a vehicle autonomously.

    2, Nvidia is relying on Map providers to do the route calculation, tokenize the direction and give it as input to the LLM

    3, It seems that the Alpamayo will rely only on camera which is also a big deal and is a directional change from Waymo which is using LiDAR to better understand the world.

    4, This approach needs to handle hallucinations from LEM which is known issue, so additional layer of reinforcement learning is needed to solve this issue.

    Last but not the least Nvdia is giving this to the community for free at the following link https://huggingface.co/nvidia/Alpamayo-R1-10B , of course usage if this does a vendor lock-in to NVIDIA ecosystem.

    It remains to be seen on how this approach works in real world.

    Alpamayo from NVIDIA

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    Feb 15
  • As today’s Human Machine interfaces are getting more complex and intuitive, it is super important to have a mechanism to do regression testing in an automated fashion to minimise human error and reduce fatigue.

    Squish from Qt is one such tool which can do the job. It supports embedded device testing or even desktop application testing.

    Squish allows:

    1, Record and playback a test script

    2, Write a Python script to do the automation using Squish framework

    3, Uses Eclipse IDE which most software folks are familiar with.

    4, It allows a development kind of interface to developing automated scripts for HMI validation

    Happy squishing !

    Link at https://www.qt.io/quality-assurance/squish

    Squish It

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    Jan 17
  • Well this is an interesting book by Issac Sacolic, worth a read for those aspiring to CxO roles. Very well written with many stories giving a picture with full details to the board room questions which the reader gets to know without actually being there .

    I remember my own attempt at one such transformation at an automotive Tier-1 where the goal was to introduce DevOps into an automotive Continuous Integration pipeline. It was very challenging as there were up to eight different OEMs with diversity of Android , Embedded Linux and QNX as operating systems. Then there was the different cross compilation tool chains, many binaries getting integrated from 3rd party.

    The first step we took was to document the current “T-1 State of DevOps”, then defined quarterly goals to achieve towards the CI/CD and CT , meaning full DevOps in an embedded development ecosystem. The only other company which had achieved this goal first was HP which has a single code base for all their family of printers. We took inspiration and faith from HP’s journey.

    As quarters rolled we achieved full DevOps for all embedded Linux projects in about six months which in itself was a success.

    Many of the stories in the book resonated with my own experiences , although at that time the term was not so popular or maybe I was not aware of this term.

    I strongly recommend reading this book at I think you might like this book: Digital Trailblazer: Essential Lessons to Jumpstart Transformation and Accelerate Your Technology Leadership by Isaac Sacolick.

    Digital Trialblazer

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    Jan 12
  • We all have encountered one time or the other folks going through slides one by one, reading every line and we as audience doom scrolling on our phones or nodding to show to great interest based on who is presenting.

    In the very old days, there used to be projectors and slide sheets in which we used to draw using markers and project it, those were the days when there was more intellectual freedom for the presenter and also for the audience to see the human written alphabets, those days are never going to come back, unless AGI takes back to those due to some Armageddon event.

    Now that power points stays here are situations NOT to use power point

    1, Responses to RFQs

    2, Scientific reports

    3, Engineering reports

    4, Under-graduate level project reports

    The reason is using power points leads to:

    1, Collection of bullet points which are fragment of thoughts and not complete ideas

    2, The nesting of bullets makes it even more convoluted with additional meta messaging which might be missed by the audience.

    3, Reading slides offline by others lead to lot of assumptions about the presenter with no chance to clarify

    The only times IMHO power point can be used is for non serious communications, like town-halls, fun events, marketing events and the kind.

    Happy word processing and good bye to ppts.

    Death by Power Point

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    Jan 12
  • As vehicle times lines are shrinking from 5 years to now three years and consumers are looking at their vehicle like a mobile device, there is an even stronger need to use a tools which can help achieve this goals.

    There are many tools out there for e.g. CodeBeamer, Polarion and IBM Jazz. Most interesting is Vector’s PREEVision.

    PREEVision is based on eclipse which is familiar and allows to zoom in or out from Vehicle function level to AUTOSAR ports all integrated into one single tool with concurrent usage of the artifacts.

    Other advantages are:

    1, Supports Domain based vehicle development

    2, Can go all the way from connectors to wiring harness layout

    3, Supports AUTOSAR both Classic, Adaptive and Android Automotive OS

    4, Both signal based ECUs and Service Oriented ECUs are supported.

    5, It has a library of components which can be dragged and dropped to create vehicle architecture.

    6, The most important of all , it has an integrated data base from which the complete vehicle is rendered as a graphic

    The only flip side is we have vendor lock-in , well most OEMs, T-1 are already using Vector tools like CANOe, CANDela so this is an additional tool with same vendor.

    Last but not least the least Vector support is above average to great.

    Enjoy building your next vehicle.

    Vehicle development with PREEVision

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    Jan 10
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